Marble House

This home was the 39th birthday present of Alva Vanderbilt from her husband William. It was built between 1888 and 1892 of 500,000 cubic feet of marble and held 50 rooms. The Vanderbilt’s also had homes in Long Island, South Carolina, Florida, the EU, and Cuba.

Here they summered 6 weeks a year with their 3 children.

The Grand Entrance

The Formal Dining Room

It was in this Dining Room, Alva, (Mrs. William Vanderbilt), breakfasted with her 3 children. During meals the children were only allowed to speak French.

Alva, was raised in France as this is where her family settled after loosing their money in the Civil War. Educated and groomed in France she was inspired by all things French which are seen in this Room’s decor. The Dining Room was inspired by a Salon at Versailles. The walls surrounding the room hold a collection of French courtesans portraits.

Richard Morris Hunt known in most circles as, “the Vanderbilt architect,” created Marble House as well as other buildings throughout Newport. Here he resided, built his first home, and married a local woman, Catherine Clinton Howland. They had 2 sons. Mr. Hunt is buried in Newport Island Cemetery in a memorial designed by Daniel Chester French, the creator of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

Alva Vanderbilt was a fascinating woman. She was a leader in the Suffragette movement and often had meetings in the tea house to the rear of the Mansion. She divorced William after 26 years of marriage and married a Newport neighbor whom she remained married to for the rest of her life. An interesting read of this era is Lost Newport by Paul F. Miller.

Here is where Alva held her meetings, and now a great place for light fare.

Cliffwalk View From the Tea House

Returning to the Mansion – The Library

The Gothic Room – a collection of Medieval and Renaissance art from France.

Consuelo Vanderbilt, the daughter of Alva and William, was forced into a loveless marriage with the Duke of Marlborough by her mother. Her mother yearned for a royal connection for her family, and European royalty often sought out American heiresses to replenish their fortunes. Thus, Consuelo became a scapegoat. She stayed in this marriage for over 20 years, bearing 2 sons.

At the time of Consuelo’s divorce Alva testified she forced her daughter into the marriage. Consuelo received her divorce and the Duke 2.2 million a year for life. Consuelo later remarried, happily, to Jacques Belsan, a French aviator and industrialist.

Consuelo Vanderbilt

Consuelo’s Bedroom

William Vanderbilt remarried to Ann Harriman, and moved to France where he remained the rest of his life. He contributed and volunteered in the air corp during World War I receiving the Legion of Honor from the French Government.

Marble House was sold in the 1930’s to the family of Armour Meat Packing.

Marble House – sea side views.

The Breakers

The Breakers was the home of Cornelius II and Alice Vanderbilt, who made their fortune in steamboats and railroads. Designed by the Vanderbilt’s premier architect, Richard Morris Hunt, it is considered the grandest of the Newport Mansions.

The Vanderbilts had seven children of which 3 survived. They were of great faith and met while teaching Sunday school. They were cognizant of their great riches, and while loosing many children to death they were aware those given much have much taken away.

Upon Cornelius II death the $100 million fortune was passed to his son William, who in 7 years increased the fortune to $200 million. Not wanting to continue this career path he turned the investment over to JP Morgan, and his bank to manage.

Symbols of the Vanderbilt family – the acorn appear throughout the Mansion as does…

train and steamship representation. This is noted in the marble sculpture above this doorway.

The Christmas decorations throughout the Newport Mansions are spectacular. There are also night tours of the grounds. All fireplaces are functional and present in each of the 15 bedrooms.

Some of the decorations..

In the Library there is a fireplace from the Chateau d’Arnay le Duc in Burgundy, France. It is 500 years old.

Their daughter Gertrude, in a drawing below, was a prominent artist. She was instrumental in creating the Whitney Museum which I will be visiting in a later New York City blog. This was her bedroom and art.

The first Breakers was built from 1877-1892 of wood and burnt to the ground. The current Mansion was built from 1893-1895. The Mansion was named for the waves which break on the cliff below.

There is a cliff walk surrounding the Mansion. A must see and do, but dress warm..

Next: Marble House

The Elms

Entrance to The Elms

This Mansion was owned by Edward Berwind, a coal magnate from Philadelphia, and was occupied by his family from 1901-1961. It was built in 1901, at a cost of $1.4 million, which in today’s standards is in the $40 million range. Berwind owned coal mines in Kentucky, and West Virginia selling coal to the NY Subway system as well as the US Navy. Berwind Corporation remains functional today and is involved in other enterprises. Their coal mines are leased to others.

Berwind, his wife, and his office at The Elms

Mr. Berwind was President of his company for 43 years, from 1936-1988. He and his wife occupied the home with 43 servants in this 60,000 square foot space annually from July 4th weekend till the end of the summer. An engineering graduate of the US Naval Academy the couple had no children, however, were the wards of his deceased brothers 4 daughters.

At the time of his wife’s premature death his sister Julia came to live with him caring for the home and residing here till 1961.

Entrance Hall and Stairwell

The Conservatory and Drawing Room

Julia Berwind’s Room, Mr. Berwind’s sister

Miss Julia Berwind resided at the home beyond the summer season and loved the area. She was a fixture in society and well liked by all.

This is the fireplace in Miss Julia’s bedroom decorated for the holidays. Every room of the Newport Mansions are decorated gaily with Christmas decorations. Such beauty. What a wonderful season to visit.

Elms Servant Tour

There are several additional tours available for the Mansions. Recommend visiting the Preservation Society web site, newportmansions.org, to select a tour which fits your individual interests. We selected the Elms Servant Tour which was a fascinating small group tour with a docent lasting approximately one hour. It gives a great glimpse behind the scenes and fills in the gaps, and answers those Gilded Age questions.

The Annuciator – call bell area for the servants

There were 2500 servants in total during the summer season of Newport. Many were Irish and English as the owners wished to have English speaking servants. In the Elms there were 16 bedrooms and 3 baths on this co-ed floor with mostly 1 person per room, 23 lived on site with most living off site. Guests of the Berwind’s did not stay in the mansion as nearby guest houses were provided for their accommodations.

Often the servants stayed 7 to 10 years then became American citizens and left for other positions. Some traveled with the Berwind’s from their New York City home on 2 East 64th St.

The Berwind’s acquired staff through an Intelligence Office, similar to an employment office. A questionnaire was completed and potential staff were interviewed. The staff worked 12-14 hour days having one morning and one evening off per week.

Beds were changed twice daily, and up to 7 clothing changes occurred daily during the season.

At one point servants had decided to strike due to working conditions. The Butler in charge of the home fired all and replacements acquired.

Picture of the Butler and his wife- she was 20 years younger. They had one daughter.

And as part of this tour a unique look at the basement was received.

Coal for the home was delivered from the street into a basement tunnel then placed into generators. As technology progressed Mr. Berwind implemented and upgraded.

If you have time take the servant tour, but book early as these tours fill quickly. Admissions are reasonable, however, the Newport area is quite pricey.

And before departure stop by the stables, and tour the grounds.

And let us say farewell to our tour – the back of the Mansion.

Tomorrow: The Breakers